1) Viruses are sub-microscopic, obligate _____________ parasites.

2) Virus particles are produced from the assembly of pre-formed components, whereas cellular organisms 'grow' from an increase in the integrated sum of their components and reproduce by ________.

3) Virus particles (virions) do not 'grow' or undergo ________.

4) Viruses lack the genetic information which encodes apparatus necessary for the generation of metabolic energy or for _______ synthesis.

5) What disease did Siptah suffer from in 1400BC?

   a) Smallpox

   b) Influenza

   c) Tobacco Mosaic Disease

   d) Rabies

   e) Poliomyelitis

6) Who was the first recorded person to die of this disease?

   Siptah

   Ramses V

   Tutankhamun

7) Smallpox was endemic in _____ by 1000BC.

8) Who is the doctor in this picture:

   a) Louis Pasteur

   b) Edward Jenner

   c) Robert Koch

   d) Dr Doolittle

   e) Dmitri Iwanowski

9) In the 1880s, this man jointly proposed the 'germ theory' of disease with another person.

Was the other person:

   a) Louis Pasteur

   b) Edward Jenner

   c) Robert Koch

   d) Dmitri Iwanowski

   e) Freidrich Loeffler

10) Renato Dulbecco was the first to person accurately quantify animal viruses using a ______ assay.

11) The experimental technique used to produce this image of a phiX174 bacteriophage particle was:

   a) Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)

   b) Spectroscopy

   c) Electrophoresis

   d) X-ray diffraction (crystallography)

   e) Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)

12) a)The next three questions all refer to proteins:
Proteins bound together by _____________ interactions can be eluted by addition of ionic salts or alteration of pH.

13) Proteins bound by non-ionic, ___________ interactions can be eluted by reagents such as urea.

14) Proteins which interact with lipid components can be eluted by non-ionic __________ or organic solvents.

15) This image of an adenovirus particle was produced by:

   a) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

   b) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

16) 'Virus Taxonomy', the 6th report of the International Committee on ________ of Viruses (ICTV), published in 1995, recognizes:

17) 'Virus Taxonomy', published in 1995, recognizes:

   a) More than 400 virus species belonging to 71 families or groups

   b) More than 4,000 virus species belonging to 71 families or groups

   c) More than 4,000,000 virus species belonging to 71 families or groups

   d) More than 4,000 virus species belonging to 700 families or groups

   e) More than 4,000,000 virus species belonging to 700 families or groups

18) The following three questions all refer to theories which seek to explain the origin of viruses: Regressive evolution - viruses are degenerate life-forms which have lost many functions that other organisms possess and have only retained the _______ information essential to their parasitic way of life.

19) Cellular origins - viruses are sub-cellular, functional assemblies of ______________ which have escaped their origins inside cells.

20) Independent entities - viruses evolved on a ________ course to cellular organisms from the self-replicating molecules believed to have existed in the primitive prebiotic 'RNA world'.